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^ Ukraine attracts more than 15 million tourists every year (17.6 million in 2005), primarily from Eastern Europe, but also from Western Europe and the USA. It has long been a tourist destination for many people dating back to the middle of the 19th century. Ukraine is a destination on the crossroads between central and Eastern Europe, between north and south. It borders Russia and it is not far from Turkey. It has mountain ranges - the Carpathian Mountains suitable for skiing, hiking, fishing and hunting. The coastline on the Black Sea is a popular summer destination for vacationers. Ukraine has vineyards where they produce native wines, ruins of ancient castles, historical parks, Orthodox and Catholic churches as well as a few mosques and synagogues. Kiev, the country's capital city has many unique structures such as Saint Sophia Cathedral and broad boulevards. There are other cities well-known to tourists such as the harbour town Odessa and the old city of Lviv in the west. Lviv Oblast has 6 resorts, 2 national parks, it's a region of historical and architectural landmarks. The Crimea, a little "continent" of its own, is a popular vacation destination for tourists for swimming or sunbathing on the Black Sea with its warm climate, rugged mountains, plateaus and ancient ruins. Cities there include: Sevastopol and Yalta - location of the peace conference at the end of World War II. Visitors can also take cruise tours by ship on the Dnieper River from Kyiv to the Black Sea coastline. Ukrainian cuisine has a long history and offers a wide variety of original dishes. Since 2005 citizens of the USA, European Union, Canada, Switzerland, Russia, other former CIS countries no longer require a visa to visit Ukraine for tourism purposes. primarily в первую очередь to date back to вести свое начало от on the crossroads на пересечении to border граничить mountain ranges горные цепи suitable for подходящий для vineyards виноградники ancient древний ruins развалины mosque мечеть synagogue синагога harbour town портовый город plateau плоскогорье former бывший to require требовать ^ New Zealand (variant 1) Capital: Wellington Population: 4 million Currency: New Zealand dollar Official languages: English and Maori New Zealand lies in the South Pacific Ocean and consists of two islands - North Island and South Island. It is located 1,600 km south-east of Australia and is nearly 2,000 km long. The climate is generally temperate and damp, although the extreme north has got an almost subtropical climate and the extreme south is very cold. Winds can be a problem: the capital (Wellington) is known for its high winds. The main attraction for tourists is the scenery. The landscape is largely unspoilt and very varied. There are mountains, lakes, glaciers, rainforests, dramatic coastlines, beaches, and geysers. Other attractions include the Maori culture and outdoor activities such as river-rafting, fishing, skiing, whale-watching, and bungee-jumping (which was a local invention). Tourists come mainly from Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan. Tourism is the largest single foreign exchange earner and continues to grow. An increase in visitor numbers followed the huge success of the^ s films, which were made in New Zealand. The Balearic Islands - Mallorca, Menorca, Ibiza, Formentera (variant 2) Floating between Spain and the North African coast, the Balearic Islands offer the perfect location for a fantastic holiday. There are four main islands for you to choose from, each with their own special atmosphere. The gorgeous climate boasts more than 300 days a year of guaranteed sunshine, making the islands the ideal setting for a beach holiday. The long hot summer stretches from May to October, with temperatures around 27"C - just right for relaxing and getting a tan. The islands offer a number of attractions for tourists. Sun-seekers will love the fabulous beaches. Fun- seekers will enjoy the exciting nightlife - the clubs and discos of Ibiza provide plenty of entertainment for young people. But there's more to these islands than sun and fun. You can also enjoy wonderful architecture (the Gothic cathedral at Palma is well worth visiting), hilltop villages, olive groves, great food, and hidden beaches. You can take a relaxing fishing or sailing trip, or go to one of the many festivals. If you go in June, don't miss the spectacular Fiesta of San Juan at Ciutadella on Menorca. Whatever you want from a holiday, the Balearics will help you find it. island остров to be located быть расположенным damp (climate) сырой (климат) extreme крайний scenery пейзаж unspoilt неиспорченный varied многообразный glacier ледник rainforest тропический лес dramatic coastline потрясающая береговая линия geyser гейзер river-rafting сплав по горной реке whale-watching наблюдение за китами increase увеличение to stretch тянуться fabulous сказочный spectacular захватывающий sun-seekres ищущие солнце fun-seekers ищущие развлечения ^ Package holidays or package tours include all of the components necessary for a complete vacation:
Tour operators bring these elements together. They buy in advance and in bulk from the Principles: airlines, hoteliers and so on. Because they buy a lot of seats or rooms from the principle, they pay a lower price. Tour operator converts this bulk into individual packages known as inclusive tours and markets them through travel agents or uses direct selling. The first tour in the modern sense was put together by Thomas Cook in 1841. Cook was soon offering tours all over the world, and the idea gained acceptance very quickly not only in England but also in other European countries and in the United States. The main advantages of package holidays are:
There are four types of tour operators: 1. Mass market operators produce low cost holidays to traditional sea, sun and sand destinations, like Spain, Greece or Turkey. ^ limit their product to customers who want a specific type of holiday, like adventure holidays. 3. Domestic operators specialize in tours for people who want to holiday in their own country. 4. Incoming tour operators provide holiday packages to visitors coming from abroad. Tour operation is a risky business. Fashion change and political instability, terrorism or natural disaster can alter demand. Tourism products are described as perishable. If they are not sold by a specific date, they are lost all together. package holiday турпоездка с полным комплексом услуг in advance предварительно in bulk оптом to convert переделывать, видоизменять advantages преимущества to check проверять specialist operators узкоспециализированные операторы domestic operators операторы, специализирующиеся на домашнем туризме incoming tour operators операторы, специализирующиеся на въездном туризме ^ Tour operators can be considered the wholesalers of the industry. Their product, which is a service, is the packaged tour. Packaged tours offer transportation, hotel accommodations and transfer to and from the airport. Tourists pay a lower price for this package than if they were trying to make all the arrangements on their own. ^ The first tour in the modern sense was put together by Thomas Cook in 1841. Cook was soon offering tours all over the world, and the idea gained acceptance very quickly not only in England but also in other European countries and in the United States. It is possible to distinguish between two general types of tours. One is the package holiday that has a resort hotel as its destination. While local sightseeing or entertainment may be included in the package, the tours are generally of the "no frills" variety — in other words, without expensive extras. The major attractions usually include sun, sea and activities such as golf or tennis that are offered by the resort itself. There are many advantages in the packaged tours, the most obvious being the price. When airplane tickets and hotel rooms are reserved in bulk by the tour operators, considerable savings are passed on to the customers. A second advantage is the opportunity for tourist to make all his travel arrangements in one place at one time. The second is the guided tour that features sightseeing or some other special attraction. These tours are accompanied by a guide who is in charge of travel arrangement and activities. The activity offered by the tour is its principal attraction. Most of these tours include several different destinations and a good deal of local travel within one region. Tours make it possible for people to visit many remote areas that would otherwise be too difficult for them to try to see on their own. Tour operators have made countless places throughout the world accessible to the general public. wholesaler оптовик arrangements приготовления on one’s own своими силами, самостоятельно car rental прокат автомобилей extras дополнения to gain acceptance получить распространение no frills без излишеств extensive расширенный guided tour экскурсионный тур remote отдаленный accessible доступный ^ Travel agents are retailers, they sell tourism products to the public in a shop that is called a travel agency. They are part of the chain of distribution and connect tour operators to customers. Travel agencies sell a range of products and services: Products can be thought of as items created by other companies which the travel agent sells for commission. Typical products are package holidays; air, train and coach tickets; insurance. Services involve guiding and advising customers as to the best product; giving advice on visa and passport applications; planning travel itineraries and working out costs; representing a client in a complaint procedure after an unsatisfactory holiday. Travel agency sales follow a clearly structured procedure known as the sales process. All models of sales contain four main stages:
Most tourism students will work as a travel agency sales consultant when they first begin to work in this sector. This is a demanding job, and one requiring a wide range of different skills and qualities, such as:
retailer розничный торговец chain of distribution сеть распределения a range of ряд, ассортимент insurance страховка applications заявки itinerary маршрут complaint жалоба unsatisfactory неудовлетворительный, некачественный to follow a procedure соблюдать процедуру to establish rapport устанавливать контакт, атмосферу to investigate изучить demanding трудный, ответственный skills навыки ^ Transport is one of the six sub-sectors of the tourism industry. Transport for tourists can be divided into three main categories: journeys by air, journey on water, and journey on land. Air travel usually means a short-haul or long-haul international flights, operating from large airports. At some tourist destinations air transport may include short transfers or sightseeing trips by helicopters. Journey on water can include luxury cruise ships which take tourists on all-inclusive holidays, visiting a number of different locations. Modern cruise ships are floating hotels, and provide transport, accommodation, and attractions in a single place. Passengers sleep in cabins, and have a full range of services on board. Not all cruises take place at sea. The Nile in Egypt and The Rhine in Germany are rivers where tourists can enjoy cruises. Ferry crossings are usually much shorter journey connecting two points of land or going between islands. Land travel is probably the most diverse category. It includes rail journeys by train, departing from large terminus and stopping at stations en route. Trains provide transport to and from destinations and also locally. They can also be a tourist attraction, as with the Orient express from Paris to Venice. The most common form of transport for tourists by road is called a coach. These vehicles can either travel from city to city along fast motorways, or they can be used for transfers from airports and other smaller journeys. Very often they are used for sightseeing trips, where there is a tour guide to tell passengers about the sights. sub-sector подотрасль journey путешествие short-haul flight рейс ближнего следования long-haul flight рейс дальнего следования luxury роскошный cruise ship круизное судно floating плавающий cabin каюта ferry crossing паромная переправа terminus вокзал en route на маршруте vehicle средство передвижения coach автобус on board на борту |
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